Analysis of clinical diagnostic characteristics of 26131 patients with pneumoconiosis in Hunan Province / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical diagnostic characteristics of pneumoconiosis patients of migrant workers in Hunan Province, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods: In February 2022, through the Hunan Provincial Medical Treatment and Assistance Information Platform for Pneumoconiosis Migrant Workers, the cases of irresponsible subjects with pneumoconiosis that were first diagnosed clinically in Hunan Province from January 2017 to December 2021 were collected, and analyzed their gender, age, length of service, types of pneumoconiosis, stages of pneumoconiosis, and comorbidities. Results: From January 2017 to December 2021, there were a total of 26131 cases of irresponsible pneumoconiosis patients diagnosed clinically in Hunan Province, with males accounting for 99.8% (26072 cases) and an average age of (60.66±8.04) years old. Among the 26131 patients, coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis were the main causes, with 16816 and 9078 cases respectively, accounting for 99.1% of the diagnosed cases. There were 8640 cases (33.1%) of stageⅠpneumoconiosis, 6601 cases (25.2%) of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis, and 10890 cases (41.7%) of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis. 2051 patients experienced complications. The average age of exposure to dust of 26131 patients was (17.81±9.69) years, and the age of exposure to dust in silicosis patients was (14.60±9.62) years. The working age of coal worker's pneumoconiosis was (19.60±9.26) years. Compared with coal workers' pneumoconiosis patients, silicosis patients had a shorter working time exposed to dust, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis are mainly diagnosed for the first time in migrant workers' pneumoconiosis patients in Hunan Province. Pneumoconiosis patients should be diagnosed in time, which is conducive to treatment and rehabilitation.

Analysis of the disease burden of pneumoconiosis globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the disease burden of pneumoconiosis globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data, and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Methods: In September 2022, the data of incidence, prevalence, morality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of pneumoconiosis and its subtypes globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected from GBD 2019, including absolute number and age-standardized rate (ASR). Joinpoint linear regression model was used to calculate average annual percent change (AAPC) and analyze the change trends of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY of pneumoconiosis and its subtypes. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the incident cases, prevalent cases and DALY value of pneumoconiosis showed upward trends, while the number of death cases showed downward trends. And the ASR of incidence (ASIR), the ASR of prevalence (ASPR), the ASR of mortality (ASMR) and the ASR of DALY (ASDR) showed downward trends globally and in China. China accounted for a large proportion of the global disease burden of penumoconiosis, accounting for more than 67% of the incident cases, more than 80% of the prevalent cases, more than 43% of the deaths cases and more than 60% of the absolute number of DALY in the world every year. Male were the main population of pneumoconiosis disease burden globally and in China, and the age of onset was earlier than that of female. The peak age periods of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY of pneumoconiosis globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 have increased. Silicosis was still the type with the highest disease burden of pneumoconiosis globally and in China. The disease burden of coal workers' pneumoconiosis had an overall improvement trend, but asbestosis had an increasing disease burden worldwide. Conclusion: The disease burden of pneumoconiosis is heavy globally and in China, which is necessary to strengthen the supervision and prevention measures according to gender, age and etiological types.

Analysis of disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2020 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: Through comparative analysis of the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2020, the main influencing factors are screened, and scientific basis is provided for rational allocation of limited health resources, precise management and policy implementation. Methods: In August 2021, survey and collect information on surviving occupational pneumoconiosis patients and dead occupational pneumoconiosis patients diagnosed in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2020, and analyze and calculate indicators such as morbidity, mortality, and disability adjusted of life years (DALY). Analyzing the influencing factors of disease burden usirrg multiple linear regression. Results: From 2010 to 2020, the average annual incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis in Gansu Province was 0.9992/100000, the average annual mortality was 0.897/100000, the cumulative case fatality rate was 25.75%, and the cumulative DALY was 28932.96 person-years. The first stage of occupational pneumoconiosis was the highest among DALY loss (19920.14 person-years), and the DALY loss was positively correlated with the stage of occupational pneumoconiosis. Among occupational pneumoconiosis in Gansu Province, silicosis (13753.66 person-years) and coal worker's pneumoconiosis (13414.73 person-years) caused the highest disease burden, followed by cement pneumoconiosis and asbestos lung. Period, length of service, type of disease, and region are all influencing factors of DALY loss (P<0.05). Conclusion: From 2010 to 2020, the DALY losses caused by occupational pneumoconiosis in Gansu Province showed a fluctuating decrease, with the composition of DALY mainly changing from the loss of life years due to premature death to the loss of years due to injury and disability.

Application of a light-weighted convolutional neural network for automatic recognition of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the early stage / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To construct and verify a light-weighted convolutional neural network (CNN), and explore its application value for screening the early stage (subcategory 0/1 and stage Ⅰ of pneumoconiosis) of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) from digital chest radiography (DR) . Methods: A total of 1225 DR images of coal workers who were examined at an Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Institute in Anhui Province from October 2018 to March 2021 were retrospectively collected. All DR images were collectively diagnosed by 3 radiologists with diagnostic qualifications and gave diagnostic results. There were 692 DR images with small opacity profusion 0/- or 0/0 and 533 DR images with small opacity profusion 0/1 to stage Ⅲ of pneumoconiosis. The original chest radiographs were preprocessed differently to generate four datasets, namely 16-bit grayscale original image set (Origin16), 8-bit grayscale original image set (Origin 8), 16-bit grayscale histogram equalized image set (HE16) and 8-bit grayscale histogram equalized image set (HE8). The light-weighted CNN, ShuffleNet, was applied to train the generated prediction model on the four datasets separately. The performance of the four models for pneumoconiosis prediction was evaluated on a test set containing 130 DR images using measures such as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index. The Kappa consistency test was used to compare the agreement between the model predictions and the physician diagnosed pneumoconiosis results. Results: Origin16 model achieved the highest ROC area under the curve (AUC=0.958), accuracy (92.3%), specificity (92.9%), and Youden index (0.8452) for predicting pneumoconiosis, with a sensitivity of 91.7%. And the highest consistency between identification and physician diagnosis was observed for Origin16 model (Kappa value was 0.845, 95%CI: 0.753-0.937, P<0.001). HE16 model had the highest sensitivity (98.3%) . Conclusion: The light-weighted CNN ShuffleNet model can efficiently identify the early stages of CWP, and its application in the early screening of CWP can effectively improve physicians' work efficiency.

Survival and disease burden trend analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis from 1963 to 2020 in Shizuishan City / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To understand the survival status and its influencing factors of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Shizuishan City, and to analyze the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis and its trend, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating comprehensive prevention and treatment measures of occupational pneumoconiosis. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted during July to December 2020 to explore the survival status of occupational pneumoconiosis patients who had been reported from 1963 to 2020 in Shizuishan City. The Kaplan-Meier method and Life-table method were used for survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of survival time. The disability adjusted life years (DALY) was applied to analyze the disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis and its temporal trend. Results: From 1963 to 2020, a total of 3263 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were reported in Shizuishan City, of which 1467 died, so that the fatality rate was 44.96%. The median survival time was 26.71 years, average age of death was (70.55±10.92) years old. There were significant differences in the survival rates of occupational pneumoconiosis patients among different types, diagnosis age, exposure time, industry, initial diagnosis stage and whether upgraded (P<0.05) . As the survival time increased, the survival rate of patients decreased gradually. When the survival time was ≥50 years, the cumulative survival rate of patients was 4.20%. Cox regression analysis suggested that the type of pneumoconiosis, industry, diagnosis age, exposure time, initial diagnosis stage and whether upgraded were the influencing factors for the survival time of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis (P<0.05) . The total DALY attributable to occupational pneumoconiosis from 1963 to 2020 in Shizuishan City was 48026.65 person years, of which the years of life lost (YLL) was 15155.39 person years, and the average YLL was 10.33 years/person, and the years lost due to disability (YLD) was 32871.26 person years, and the average YLD was 10.07 years/person. The DALY attributed to coal worker's pneumoconiosis and silicosis were 39408.51 person years and 6565.02 person years, respectively, and they accounted for 82.06% and 13.67% of the total disease burden in Shizuishan City, respectively. The DALY caused by occupational pneumoconiosis in the age group of 40-49 years old and the first diagnosis of stage I occupational pneumoconiosis were higher, which were 20899.71 and 36231.97 person years, respectively. The average YLL and average YLD showed a volatility downtrend over time. Conclusion: The disease burden of occupational pneumoconiosis cannot be ignored in Shizuishan City, and timely targeted measures should be taken for key populations and key industries. It is recommended that life-cycle health management and hierarchical medical should be taken to improve the life quality of patients and prolong their lifes.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020, and to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategy. Methods: In April 2021 , the cases of pneumoconiosis were monitored by the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020. The distribution of pneumoconiosis, the composition of diseases and the working years exposed to dust were analyzed. Results: All 1026 cases of pneumoconiosis were newly diagnosed in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020, silicosis and coal worker pneumoconiosis were the main diseases (78.36% ,804/1026). Stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis were 484 (47.17%,484/1026) cases. 359 (34.99%,359/1026) cases, 315 (30.70%,315/1026) cases and 252 (24.56%, 252/1026) cases had been diagnosed respectively in Xining City, Haidong City and Haixi Prefecture; 628 (61.21%,628/1026) cases and 418 (40.74%, 418/1026) cases engaged in mining industry and large-sized enterprise, respectively. The working years exposed to dust in silicosis cases were shorter than that in coal worker pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis (P <0.05). Conclusion: The pneumoconiosis area and industry focus in Qinghai Province is obvious. The supervision and adninistration of small and micro scale employers should be strengthened to protect the health rights and interests of workers, especially for the key area and industry.

Expression and functional SNP loci screen of ATM from coal worker's pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To detect of gene expression and genotype of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) from coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) , It is explored whether CWP is related to ATM gene. Methods: In October 2020, the relevant information of 264 subjects who received physical examination or medical treatment in the Department of occupational diseases of Guiyang public health treatment center from January 2019 to September 2020 was collected. Through the occupational health examination, 67 healthy people with no history of exposure to occupational hazards were selected as the healthy control group; The coal miners with more than 10 years of coal dust exposure history and small shadow in the lung but not up to the diagnostic criteria were the dust exposure control group, a total of 66 people; The patients with the same history of coal dust exposure and confirmed stage I were coal worker's pneumoconiosis stage I group, a total of 131 people. The expression of ATM was detected by QRT PCR. ATM rs189037 and rs1801516 were genotyped by massarray. Results: There was significant difference in the expression of ATM among the groups (P<0.05) ; Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of ATM in the dust exposed control group was significantly increased (P<0.05) . With the occurrence and development of CWP, the GG of rs189037 wild type decreased, the GA of mutant heterozygote and AA of homozygote increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05) ; Rs1801516 wild type GG and mutant heterozygote GA had no significant changes (P>0.05) . There were significant differences in age, neutrophils and basophils among rs189037 groups (all P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in blood pressure, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, smoking and drinking history among rs189037 groups (all P>0.05) . Compared with wild-type GG, the or of mutant heterozygotes and homozygotes increased, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05) . Conclusion: ATM gene may be one of the early activation genes of CWP and rs189037 may be the functional loci which affects gene expression. ATM gene is related to inflammatory response, Neutrophils and basophils have an impact on the development of CWP.

Lancet Countdown: Briefing para Políticas de Saúde no Brasil / Lancet Countdown: Health Policy Briefing in Brazil / Lancet Countdown: Resumen de políticas de salud en Brasil

A Revista Lancet Countdown: Acompanhando o Progresso em Saúde e Mudanças Climáticas é uma colaboração internacional multidisciplinar que objetiva monitorar as relações entre saúde pública e mudanças climáticas. Reúne 35 instituições acadêmicas e agências das Nações Unidas de todos os continentes, embasando-se na expertise de climatologistas, engenheiros, economistas, cientistas políticos, profissionais de saúde pública e médicos. Todos os anos, a Lancet Countdown publica uma avaliação anual do estado das mudanças climáticas e da saúde humana, procurando oferecer aos tomadores de decisão acesso a orientações para uma política baseada em evidência de alta qualidade.

Clinical Characteristics of False-Positive Lymph Node on Chest CT or PET-CT Confirmed by Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Lung Cancer / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a standard procedure to evaluate suspicious lymph node involvement of lung cancer because computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) have limitations in their sensitivity and specificity. There are a number of benign causes of false positive lymph node such as anthracosis or anthracofibrosis, pneumoconiosis, old or active tuberculosis, interstitial lung disease, and other infectious conditions including pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible causes of false positive lymph node detected in chest CT or PET-CT. METHODS: Two hundred forty-seven patients who were initially diagnosed with lung cancer between May 2009 and December 2012, and underwent EBUS-TBNA to confirm suspicious lymph node involvement by chest CT or PET-CT were analyzed for the study. RESULTS: Of 247 cases, EBUS-TBNA confirmed malignancy in at least one lymph node in 189. The remaining 58 patients whose EBUS-TBNA results were negative were analyzed. Age ≥65, squamous cell carcinoma as the histologic type, and pneumoconiosis were related with false-positive lymph node involvement on imaging studies such as chest CT and PET-CT. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that lung cancer staging should be done more carefully when a patient has clinically benign lymph node characteristics including older age, squamous cell carcinoma, and benign lung conditions.

Risk of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Patients with Coal Workers'Pneumoconiosis: A Case-control Study in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The aim of this study was to estimate the association between occupational, environmental, behavioral risk factors, and active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) patients. A matched case-control study was conducted in 86 CWP patients with active PTB and 86 CWP controls without TB. A standardized questionnaire was used for risk factors assessment. Conditioned logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between the risk factors and active PTB among CWP patients. The results showed that the stage of CWP, poor workplace ventilation, family history of TB, and exposure to TB were independent risk factors for active PTB in patients with CWP with which recommendations for improving work environments, and for case finding activities in patients with CWP could be made.

DUALIDAD, LA LOCOMOTORA MINERA Vs. EL PULMÓN NEGRO / DUALIDADE, LOCOMOTIVA MINERA Vs. PULMÃO PRETO / Duality, mining locomotive vs. black lung

La neumoconiosis es caracterizada por el depósito nodular difuso de polvo en los pulmones como resultado de la exposición prolongada a polvo bituminoso o de antracita en los trabajadores de las minas de carbón. La neumoconiosis de los mineros del carbón también se denomina enfermedad del pulmón negro o antracosis. Un minero del carbón que padece o desarrolla una Antracosis puede presentar numerosos nódulos redondeados pulmonares en poco tiempo. Dichos nódulos aparecen en ocasiones en ausencia de una antracosis simple. A nivel histológico pueden parecerse a los nódulos reumatoides, pero tienen una zona periférica de inflamación aguda. Estos nódulos representan la respuesta inmunológica a la diátesis reumatoide asociada. En Colombia la minería es un factor estratégico a nivel económico para su desarrollo. Sin embargo, existen factores negativos derivados de ésta que giran en una carrera sin control ni reglas claras; esta actividad hace trámite en el territorio, arrastrando una estela de problemas sobre la sociedad, el ambiente, el bienestar y la salud de las personas.

Pneumoconiosis is characterized by diffuse nodular dust in the lungs as a result of prolonged exposure of workers in coal mines to bituminous dust or anthracite. Pneumoconiosis presented in coal miners is also called black lung disease lung. A coal miner who develops Anthracosis can present numerous pulmonary rounded nodules in a short time. These nodules appear sometimes in the absence of a simple anthracosis. Histologically they may look like resemble rheumatoid nodules, with the difference; they have a peripheral area of acute inflammation. These nodes represent the immune response associated to rheumatoid diathesis. In Colombia, mining is a strategy for economical development. However, there are negative factors arising rotating it in a race without control or clear rules; This activity is pending in the territory, dragging a trail of problems on society, the environment, welfare and People's health

A pneumoconiose é caracterizada por poeira nodular difusa nos pulmões como resultado da exposição prolongada a poeiras betuminosas ou antracite nas minas de carvão. Pneumoconiose de mineiros de carvão também chamado preto ou preto doença pulmonar pulmão. Um mineiro de carvão que sofre ou desenvolve uma antracose pode apresentar numerosos nódulos pulmonares arredondados em um curto espaço de tempo. Estes nódulos aparecem às vezes na ausência de uma antracose simples. Histologicamente podem assemelhar-se a nódulos reumatóides, mas têm uma área periférica de inflamação aguda. Esses nódulos representam a resposta imune associada à diátese reumatóide. A mineração na Colômbia é um fator estratégico economicamente para o desenvolvimento. No entanto, existem fatores negativos decorrent surgindo girando-o em uma corrida sem controle ou regras claras. Esta atividade está pendente no território, arrastando um rastro de problemas na sociedade, o meio ambiente, bem-estar e da saúde das pessoas.

Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 19 in the patients with pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure peripheral serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and matrix metalloproteinase 19 (MMP19) in patients with pneumoconiosis, and to investigate their feasibility as potential biomarkers for pneumoconiosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-eight male patients with pneumoconiosis (49 patients in phase I, 36 patients in phase II, and 13 patients in phase III) were enrolled as subjects, which included 41 patients with silicosis and 57 patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Ninety-eight healthy male physical examinees were used as controls. A fasting blood sample (3 ml) was collected from the peripheral venous blood of each patient or control, and the serum was separated from the blood sample. The expression levels of MMP9 and MMP19 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum levels of MMP9 and MMP19 in patients with silicosis or coal workers' pneumoconiosis were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Serum levels of MMP19 in patients with silicosis were significantly higher than those in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (P < 0.05). Serum levels of MMP19 in patients exposed to dust for less than 7 years were significantly higher than those in patients exposed to dust for more than 20 years (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of MMP9 and MMP19 between patients with different levels of pulmonary function impairment (P > 0.05). Serum expression levels of MMP9 and MMP19 were positively correlated with each other in both patients with pneumoconiosis and those in the control group (P < 0.05). The serum expression level of MMP9 was negatively correlated with the stage of pneumoconiosis (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum MMP9 and MMP19 may be used as potential biomarkers for pneumoconiosis.</p>

The study of autophagy in alveolar macrophages of patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the differences in the autophagy activity of alveolar macrophages between patients with different stages of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 116 coal workers were investigated in the field. Their lung lavage fluid was collected and purified to obtain alveolar macrophages. The morphological characteristics of autophagy were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of autophagy marker (LC3) and autophagy regulators (Beclin1, mTOR, and p-mTOR) was measured by Western blot. The autophagy activity of alveolar macrophages was compared between dust-exposed subjects and patients with stage I, II, and III CWP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The autophagy activity of alveolar macrophages differed between patients with different stages of CWP, according to transmission electron microscopy. Patients with stage II CWP had significantly higher protein expression of LC3 II/I and Beclin1 in pulmonary macrophages than those with stage ICWP (P < 0.05); patients with stage III CWP had significantly lower protein expression of LC3 II/I and Beclin1 in pulmonary macrophages than those with stage II CWP (P < 0.05), but had significantly higher protein expression of LC3 II/I and Beclin1 than those with stage I CWP (P < 0.05); patients with stage II CWP had a significantly higher protein expression of Beclin1 than the dust-exposed subjects (P < 0.05). Patients with stage II CWP had significantly lower expression of mTOR and p-mTOR in pulmonary macrophages than the dust-exposed subjects and those with stage I CWP (P < 0.05), while patients with stage III CWP had significantly higher expression of mTOR and p-mTOR than those with stage II CWP (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The autophagy activity of alveolar macrophages varies between patients with different stages of CWP.</p>

The effect of pneumoconiosis observation object and coal workers' pneumoconiosis in one stage again in the dust exposure work after whole lung lavage / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of secondary dust exposure after whole-lung lavage (WLL) on the clinical symptoms, arterial blood gas parameters, and pulmonary function in subjects with pneumoconiosis and patients with stage I coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects with pneumoconiosis and patients with stage I CWP who underwent WLL in our hospital during the study period were selected. All patients were divided into postoperative dust exposure group (n = 86) and lavage control group (n = 86) according to whether they were exposed to dust after conventional operation. In addition, their workmates with similar age, history of dust exposure, and type of dust exposure were selected as non-lavage control group (n = 86). Follow-up was performed before and at one month and one year after WLL to evaluate clinical symptoms, arterial blood gas parameters, and pulmonary function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One month after operation, the clinical scores of the postoperative dust-exposure group and lavage control group were significantly reduced compared with their preoperative scores and the clinical score of the non-lavage control group (P < 0.01). One year after operation, the clinical scores of the postoperative dust-exposure group and lavage control group were significantly reduced compared with their preoperative scores and the clinical score of the non?lavage control group (P < 0.01), and the lavage control group had a significantly lower clinical score than the postoperative dust exposure group (P < 0.01). One month after operation, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of the postoperative dust-exposure group and lavage control group were significantly higher than their preoperative values and the arterial PaO2 of the non-lavage control group (P < 0.01). One year after operation, the lavage control group had significantly higher arterial PaO2 than the postoperative dust exposure group and the arterial PaO2 of the non-lavage control group was significantly lower than its preoperative value and the arterial PaO2 of the postoperative dust exposure group and lavage control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); the postoperative dust exposure group showed a significant decrease in arterial PaO2 (P < 0.01), while the lavage control group showed a significant increase in arterial PaO2 (P < 0.01). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide showed no significant differences between the three groups before and at one month and one year after operation (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dust exposure should be avoided after WLL to ensure the treatment outcome.</p>

Central venous catheter for coal workers pneumoconiosis complicated with pleural effusion and pneumothorax efficacy analysis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of central venous catheter in the treatment of refractory pleural effusion and pneumothorax.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis-tuberculosis complicated by pleural effusion or pneumothorax were randomly divided into central venous catheter group (48 cases, treated by chest drainage using a peripherally inserted central catheter) and conventional puncture group (56 cases, treated by conventional pleural puncture). Chemotherapy (DOTS strategy) was fully supervised, and both groups used 3HRZE/6HR (H, isoniazid; R, rifampicin; Z, pyrazinamide; E, ethambutol).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the central venous catheter group, catheterization in the thoracic cavity was performed once in all cases, without fall-off; the mean total volume of pumped effusion was 3932±4430 ml; the time to disappearance of pleural effusion and pneumatosis was 10±2 d; 40 (83.33%) of the 48 cases were cured. In the conventional puncture group, the volume of pumped effusion was 2753±315 ml; the time to disappearance of pleural effusion and pneumatosis was 18±6 d; pleural puncture was performed twice in 4 cases, 3-4 times in 38 cases, and over 5 times in 10 cases, with an average of 3.8 times; 26 (46.43%) of the 56 cases were cured. The cure rate was significantly higher in the central venous catheter group than in the conventional puncture group (χ(2) = 7.59, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For pleural effusion and pneumothorax, PICC can be used instead of closed thoracic drainage and pleural puncture, and it has good clinical effect, causes little pain, and is easy to operate.</p>

Analysis of pathogen distribution and drug resistance in coal workers' pneumoconiosis associated with pneumonia / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the pathogen distribution and drug resistance in coal workers' pneumoconiosis associated with pneumonia and to provide a scientific basis for early guidance for rational clinical application of antibacterial agents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-six patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis associated with pneumonia who were admitted to our hospital from June 2011 to June 2014 were enrolled as subjects. The sputum specimens were aseptically collected for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 245 sputum specimens collected from 76 patients, a total of 218 strains of pathogens, including 163 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (74.77%), 39 strains of Gram-positive cocci (17.89%), and 16 strains of fungi (7.34%) were isolated by bacteriological tests. The main Gram-negative bacilli had high rates of resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, cefotaxime, and aztreonam, and were sensitive to amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem. The main Gram-positive cocci had high rates of resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefotaxime, and clindamycin, and were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The main pathogens in these patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis associated with pneumonia are Gram-negative bacilli, which are highly resistant to common clinically used antibacterial agents. The pathogen distribution and drug resistance should be well understood, and the antibacterial agents should be rationally selected according to the results of drug sensitivity tests.</p>

Case fatality rate in patients with pneumoconiosis in China: a meta-analysis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the fatality rate of pneumoconiosis as well as the contributory factors in China in order to provide a foundation for prolonging the patients' lives.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Databases were searched to collect observational studies published between Jan, 2000 and Oct, 2013 on pneumoconiosis case fatality rate. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically, and analyzed by using Stata/SE 12.0, according to stage and type of pneumoconiosis and whether complicated with tuberculosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>41 papers were included for meta-analysis. The pooled total case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis was 31.2%. The pooled case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis patients of stage 1, 2 and 3 were 25.4%, 39.8%and 57.5%, respectively. The pooled case fatality rate of patients with silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, foundry worker's pneumoconiosis, asbestosis and cement pneumoconiosis were 35.8%, 32.4%, 24.7%, 35.1%and 5.5%, respectively. The complication with tuberculosis was a risk factor for the death of pneumoconiosis patients and the pooled RR was 1.82 (95%CI: 1.59∼2.08).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are significant differences in the case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis among different stages and different types of pneumoconiosis and whether complicated with tuberculosis.</p>

Analyses on the characteristics and the trends of pneumoconiosis notified between 2001 and 2012 in Hebei Province / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the incidence, development and death of pneumoconiosis reported in Hebei from 2001 to 2012 and investigate the epidemiological trends and characteristics of pneumoconiosis to provide basic data for formulating the guidelines and policies for control of pneumoconiosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Hebei database of new cases of pneumoconiosis reposed from 2001 to 2012 were subjected to systematic arrangement. Clean data and descriptive analysis using SPSS 17.0. The statistical indices included number of new and death pneumoconiosis cases in each year.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From 2001 to 2012 a total of 4558 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported. The situation was same to coal-workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis. (2) The pneumoconiosis cases were distributed mainly in the city of Tang Shan, Cheng De, Zhang Jia Kou and Han Dan (88.24%). (3) Most cases were centerred in coal industry, metallurgical industry, nonferrous metals industry, architectural material industry and light industry. (4) The mean age of onset in new cases was shorted each year for silicosis, coal-workers' pneumoconiosis, potter pneumoconiosis and electric welder pneumoconiosis, especially for 2010 to 2012 (9 years). (5) The work types of these cases mainly included drilling (26.72%), mining as the main work (6.67%), hybrid coal mine work (6.95%), molding worker (5.24%) and berterring worker (4.82%). (6) The new cases of pneumoconiosis reposed from 2001 to 2012 were diagnosissed I (3415, 74.92%), II (782, 17.16%), III (361, 7.92%). (7) The death cases of pneumoconiosis reposed from 2001 to 2012 were 1182, most of them were distributed mainly in the city of Tang Shan, Cheng De, Zhang Jia Kou and Han Dan (88.24%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of pneumoconiosis is still high: the new cases of pneumoconiosis is still rising. The mean age of onset in new cases was shorted each year. The new cases of pneumoconiosis reposed from 2001 to 2012 were diagnosed II was above 25%. The prevention and control of pneumoconiosis should be enhanced in key industries and for people engaging in key regions, industries, types of work according to the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis. Most cases were centerred in coal-workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis.</p>

Gene variance in microsomal epoxide hydrolase and the susceptibility of coal workers' pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether the tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within EPHX1 gene were involved in the genetic susceptibility to coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) by case-control study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study consisted of 697 CWP patients and 694 controls. All the subjects were Han Chinese, underground coal miners and recruited from coal mines of Xuzhou Mining Business Group Co Ltd.. The venous blood samples were obtained from all subjects and extracted genome DNA from the isolated leucocytes. Three SNPs were selected from the HapMap and the genotyping was done by the TaqMan method with the ABI 7900HT Real Time PCR system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Single SNP analyses showed that the genotype frequencies of EPHX1 (rs2234922) was significantly associated with decreased risk of CWP under co-dominant model (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06~0.79, P = 0.020), recessive model (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.06~0.82, P = 0.023), and addictive model (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58~0.96, P = 0.022). The further stratification analysis showed that the risk of CWP will significantly decreased in non-smoking groups (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.01~0.83, P = 0.033).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results suggest that individuals with the EPHX1 (rs223492) GG genotype was associated with a dereased risk of CWP, and it has a protective effect on the developing CWP.</p>